These are volume indicators rather than nominal turnover, which is crucial in an economy with high inflation. The discrepancy across categories sugges...

When the official third-quarter data arrive, the components will matter as much as the headline: retail consumption, investment, construction and the ...

The contrast between strong external sales and domestic demand matters. Export growth can lift industrial output and headline GDP without resolving ho...

The issue is open to competing interpretations and future data may change the picture. Discussion question: Can China rely on export-led growth when ...

Export growth measured in dollar value is affected by prices, product mix and base effects; it should not be mistaken for equivalent volume growth or ...

The issue is open to competing interpretations and future data may change the picture. Discussion question: Which matters more for France now: faster...

What matters for fiscal sustainability is the interaction of debt stock, refinancing maturities, nominal growth, primary budget balances and interest ...

The distinction matters for job creation and productivity: a country can see better output in one group of factories even while the overall industrial...

A monthly rebound after an earlier fall is not automatically the beginning of a sustained factory recovery. The level of production, the three-month t...

The issue is open to competing interpretations and future data may change the picture. Discussion question: Is Germany facing a temporary energy-and-...